Classes VI - X

  TYPES OF SENTENCES There are four types of English sentence, classified by their purpose: declarative sentence (statement) interrogative sentence (question) imperative sentence (command) exclamatory sentence (exclamation) 1. Declarative or statement sentence makes a statement i.e., they tell us something or gives us information. The sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop/period. ( .) For e.g., I like coffee and ice cream.   2. Interrogative sentence ask question i.e., they want information. The sentence ends with a question mark (?) e.g., 1. Do you like coffee?    3. Imperative sentence give command or requests. The sentence ends with a full stop. The imperative sentence has an invisible "YOU". e.g., (You) Stand up.    4. Exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotions/surprise. The sentence ends with an exclamatory mark (!). It is different from Interjections. Interjections are words ...

  INTERJECTION An  interjection  is a part of speech that demonstrates the emotion or feeling of the author. These words or phrases can stand alone, or be placed before or after a sentence. Many times, an interjection is followed by an exclamatory mark. Some examples of interjection words and its meaning: Aah  - Used as a call for help or when someone is scared Boo  - Used to scare someone or to voice disapproval Oops  - An exclamation people use when they do something by accident Yahoo  - Expresses joy or happiness Examples : Ahh , that feels wonderful. Alas ! I'm lost in the wilderness. Good grief ! Why are you wearing shorts in the winter? Well, duh ! That was a stupid thing to do! (This is an exclamatory sentence with an interjection)

  CONJUNCTION Conjunction is a word that connects or joins clauses,  words , phrases together in a sentence. Conjunctions are used to coordinate words in a  sentence . “but”, “although”, “while” are some common conjunctions. Types of Conjunctions 1.       Coordinating conjunctions – are single words that join similar words or phrases or elements. 2.       Subordinating conjunctions – also join similar words,   phrases  or elements but exist in pairs. 3.       Correlative conjunctions-  They are actually adverbs that are used as conjunctions. FANBOYS ·          For- It is used to sight a reason or purpose.  Example: I bought a new bag for my upcoming trip. ·          And- It connects or adds one thing to another.  Example: I love both apples and bananas.  ·   ...

  PREPOSITION A  preposition  is a word that indicates the relationship between a  noun  and the other words of a sentence. They explain relationships of sequence, space, and logic between the object of the sentence and the rest of the sentence. They help us understand order, time connections, and positions. e.g., I am going  to  Canada.   Alex threw a stone  into  the pond.   Some interesting  facts  about preposition .   First,  they are a  closed class of words  which means no new preposition gets added to the language. We use a fixed set of prepositions.   Second,  prepositions do not have any other form. They cannot be plural, possessive, inflection, or anything else.   Third,  most of the prepositions have many different contextual and natural uses. So, it is easy to be confused about preposition.   Fourth,  sometimes a preposition wo...

  ADVERB An adverb is a word that modifies a verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. It tells when, where and how an action is performed or indicated the quality or degree of the action. Many, but not all, words end with an –ly. Adverb of Time/ Frequency (answers the question when?) Adverbs of time/frequency  indicate time or frequency of the action in the sentence. They answer the question ‘when/how frequently is the action performed?’. Always, never, often, eventually, now, frequently, occasionally, once, forever, seldom, before, Sunday, Monday, 10 AM, 12 PM,  etc. are common adverbs of time/frequency. e.g., I will on Monday. Adverbs of Degree (How Much?) Adverbs that express the importance/degree/level of the action in the sentence are called  adverbs of degree . They answer the question ‘how much is the action performed?’. Completely, nearly, entirely, less, mildly, most, thoroughly, somewhat, excessively, much,  etc. are common adverbs of degre...

  ADJECTIVES Adjectives are words that describe or modify other words. E.g., big, red, two etc Order of Adjectives : What we think, size, age, shape, colour, material and origin. E.g. A wonderful old Italian clock Types of Adjectives 1# Articles – There are three articles – a, an, the. The articles a, an – are used for non specific things and people and therefore, called indefinite article. E.g. I’d like to have a banana. The article ‘the’ specifies therefore it is called definite article. E.g., Once upon time, there lived a boy in the jungle. The boy was very intelligent. 2# Possessive Adjective – My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their etc. 3# Demonstrative Adjective – it is used to demonstrate or indicate specific people, thing or animal. These, those, that , and this 4# Coordinate Adjective – they are separated by a comma or by the word and, and appear one after the other to modify the same noun. Like Hot, sunny day … bold and beautiful girl. 5# Numbers Adj...

  SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT It is very important to take care of the subject and verb agreement while framing a sentence. It is very important that a verb must be compatible and agree with its subject to make a correct and valid sentence. E.g., The boy is playing in the garden. (it is correct) The boy are playing in the garden. (its incorrect, as the verb does not agree with the number) Rules of Subject-Verb Agreement 1.  Subjects  and  verbs  must agree in number. This is the cornerstone rule that forms the background of the concept. The  dog   growls  when he is angry. The  dogs   growl  when they are angry. #2.  Subordinate clauses  that come between the subject and verb don't affect their agreement. The  dog , who is chewing on my jeans,  is  usually very good. #3.  Prepositional phrases  between the subject and verb usually do not affect agreement. The  colors  of t...