TENSES - FOR ALL

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 Tenses = Time of Action

Present - Now, today, this moment

Past - Yesterday etc.

Future - Tomorrow, next day etc.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Subject+base form of verb

e.g., He writes a letter.

I write a letter.

Exception : I/you/we/they - work/play/eat//run/do

He/she/it - works/plays/eats/does

Exception: When the main verb gets preceded by an auxiliary verb or helping verb - do/can/must - the main verb remains in its original form (base form)

She walks..........She can walk

He reads ............... He must read.

# 1 - general statement/ habits & facts

e.g., The sun rises in the east.

I love Chocolate.

# 2 - it is also used for scheduled events in the future like train or flight schedule.

e.g., The train arrives at 6 pm.

(even though it is a future event, yet, already it is scheduled and mentioned in your calendar)

#3 - used to create drama

e.g., I walk into the store. He walks behind me. They pull the gun and fire at me.

#4 Negative sentence

subject+do/does+not+main verb

e.g., I do not paint.

She doesn't eat her veggies.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

subject+be(is/am/are)+ving

e.g., He is writing a letter.

I am writing a letter.

#1 used to talk about actions that are happening at the moment or around the time of speaking

e.g., You are learning English Grammar.

I am teaching English Grammar.

#2 temporary situation

e.g., Rakshit is studying for medicine.

I am preparing coffee.

#3 arrangements in future that are scheduled

e.g., We are going for dinner tonight at a restaurant.

#4 actions that we can control

e.g., You are being careful.

Aarav is being silly.

# annoying habits

e.g., Suhana is always talking in the class.

#6 Negative sentences

subject_be (is/am/are)+not+V+ing

e.g., I'm not meeting my friends on Friday.

Exception - V+ing form should not be used with state verbs/stative verbs like love, believe, know, understood, hate, remember etc

e.g., I understand.

I know.

Exception - can be used in temporary state

e.g., I am hating this music.

I am loving my new haircut.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

subject+has/have+ V3 (Past Participle)

e.g., He has written a letter.

I have written a letter.

#1 used to describe actions or events that started in the past and have consequences in the present.

e.g., She lost her keys (Past)

She has lost her keys. - (consequence)

V3 comes with the suffix -ed for regular verbs and irregular it differs like go-went-gone

#2 started in the past and is incomplete

e.g., My aunt has never been to Madrid.

We have walked 3 kms so far.

#3 describes life experiences upto the present

e.g., I have travelled to 20 countries.

#4 with time expressions that indicate an indefinite time frame

like - ever, just, never, already, yet, recently etc

e.g., Have you ever seen a shooting star?

I haven't yet sent that email.

#5 Negative sentence

subject+ has/have+not+V3 (PP)

e.g., She hasn't finished her homework yet.

PRESNT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

subject+has/have+been+v+ing

e.g., He has been writing a letter since yesterday.

I have been writing a letter since yesterday.

#1 started in the past and is still going on in the present and may continue into the future. (how long and the impact)

e.g.,  I have been researching on tenses for weeks now.

We have been saving for vacation all the year long.

- since 7 am

- for two weeks

-all day

- recently

- already

subject+has/have + v+ing + since/for+ time

#2 has been happening recently

e.g., We have been watching movies all weekend.

#3 Negative sentence

subject+has/have+not+been+v+ing

She hasn't been feeling well, of late.

PAST TENSE

subject +V+ed

e.g., He wrote a letter.

She played football

#1 past finished action

He visited Golden Temple last year.

Shreya ate a mango for breakfast.

#2 Often time expressions like yesterday, last week, two days ago etc are used to indicate the specific time when the action or event took place.

e.g., We went to the beach last week.

#3 Negative form

subject+did+not+V1 (base form)

She did not finish her homework yesterday night.

He did not go to Mumbai last week to attend the conference.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

subject+was/were/v+ing

He was writing a letter.

I was writing a letter when I heard the knock on the door.

#1 it is used to talk about a continuing action at some point in the past.

e.g., My friends were playing tennis at 10 am yesterday.

#2 this is an ongoing action or event, which is often interrupted by another action or event

e.g., I was reading a book at 3 o'clock in the night when I heard the dogs howling.

#3 Negative form

subject+was/were/not+v+ing

She was not riding a bicycle.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

subject+had+V3(PP)

He had written the letter before the guest arrived.

I had written the letter before I went out to get the veggies.

#1 used to describe an action or event that occurred before another action or event in the past.

They had gone to the movies before the rain started.

#2 helps to establish a clear sequence of events in the past

I had already eaten when she arrived.

They had finished the project before the deadline.

#3 time expressions are used with the past perfect to provide additional context and indicate the order of events like before, after, by the time etc.

#4 Negative form

subject+had+not+pp

I had not travelled to Bangalore before my last summer.

They had not met each other prior to the conference.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

subject+had+been+v+ing

e.g., He had been writing a letter when the lights went off.

#1 it is used to describe ongoing, repeated or continuous action that started in the past and continued up until another point or event in the past.

e.g., She had been floating in the water for hours before the rescue boat arrived.

#2 time expressions are used - for, since, all day, until etc

e.g., They have been waiting for the bus for 2 hours before it finally arrived.

#3 Negative form

- it is used to indicate that an ongoing action or event had not been taking place for a specific duration before another past action or event.

subject+had+been+v+ing

I had not been studying for long before I gave up.

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

subject+will/shall+base form of verb

e.g., He will write a letter.

#1 talks about events or actions we believe will happen in the future.

I will go to the beach tomorrow.

You will surely enjoying studying Tenses.

#2 used to declare facts in the future or make predictions

e.g., It will rain tomorrow.

I will be in the school by 8.15 am tomorrow.

#3 'will' is used to make - an offer, a promise, a threat or a request.

I will go to the gym tomorrow.

I will never talk to you again.

I hope you will come to the party tomorrow.

#4 'will' is used for spontaneous decisions or predictions

I will have a chocolate ice cream.

I will bring briyani for the party.

'be going to' is used for intentions or actions that have already been planned.

I will be having a chocolate ice cream

I will be bringing bringing for the party. (already planned)

#5 Negative form

subject+will/shall+not+verb

She will not buy a new car.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

subject+will/shall+ be+v+ing

e.g., He will be writing a letter soon.

#1 it indicates that an action will be carried out over a period of time, not just at one moment in the future. 

I shall be studying at this time tomorrow.

#2 time expressions are often used to provide additional context - in a moment, at this time tomorrow etc

I will be flying to London at this time next week.

#3 Negative form

subject+will/shall+not+be+v+ing

We shall not be waiting for you when your flight lands.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

subject+will/shall+have+ PP

He will have written the letter.

#1 used for actions or events that will be completed before a specific point or action in the future.

You will have finished packing by the time the cab arrives.

They will have left for a vacation by next week.

#2 Negative form

subject+will/shall+not+have+PP

They will not have saved enough money for their dream home.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

subject+will/shall+have+been+V+ing

#1 it is used to describe ongoing or continuous actions or events that will continue up until a specific point or action in the future.

I will have been working in this school for 8 years.

















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