CLASSES VI - X GRAMMAR - REPORTED SPEECH

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 REPORTED SPEECH

Why Reported Speech is important?

Reported speech is called Indirect speech i.e., a conversation between two individuals or to a group people is direct speech while reporting of the conversation which has already occurred to another person or group is indirect speech/ reported speech.

Reported speech has two parts – Introductory clause+ Indirect clause

He said that (Introductory clause) they were going for a picnic the next day. (Indirect clause)

1# CHANGES RELATED TO TENSE

a)      Simple Present                                                             Simple Past

b)      Present Continuous                                          Past Continuous

c)      Present Perfect                                                 Past Perfect

d)      Present Perfect Continuous                              Past Perfect Continuous

e)      Simple Past                                                      Past Perfect

f)       Past Continuous                                               Past Perfect Continuous

g)      Past Perfect                                                      Past Perfect

h)      Past Perfect Continuous                                               Past Perfect Continuous

2# WHERE THERE ARE NO CHANGES

·         Universal facts and habits – tense will not change

·         The introductory clause has “present/present perfect/ future tense” (He says, “I read newspaper everyday”)

·         The 2nd and the 3rd conditional is used (Conditionals will be discussed as a separate topic)

·         Time clause – She said, “His parents passed away while he was pursuing his studies abroad.”

·         Subjunctive i.e., wishes/hypothetical situations etc

·         Had better/could/would/used to/should/might/ought to/must’nt

3# CHANGES RELATED TO PLACE, TIME & MODALS

Will – would

Can – could

May – might

Have to – had to

Shall – should

Must – must/had to

Now – then

Today – that day

Here – there

This – that

Tomorrow – the next/ the following day

Next day – the following week/ the week after

Yesterday – the previous day/ the day before

Last week – the previous week/ the week before

Ago – before

Tonight – that night

4# CHANGES IN PRONOUNS

I                       – HE/SHE

WE                  – THEY

YOU                – I/SHE/HE/WE/THEY

THEY/SHE/HE/IT – Remains unchanged

5# CHANGES IN QUESTION SENTENCES WHEN REPORTED

·         Normal sentence order is used and ends with a period (.). Do/Does/Did not necessary

“Where does Peter live?” – She asked him where Peter lived.

·         When the answer to a question comes in “Yes/No” then we use “If/whether”

“Do you speak English?” – He asked me whether I spoke English.

·         When question words are used then while reporting we use – ask+question word+clause

“What is your name?” he asked me. He asked me what my name was.

#6 CHANGES IN IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

Imperative sentence are used with to/ not to infinitive.

“Open the door.” – He ordered me to open the door.

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