CLASSES VI - X GRAMMAR - CONDITIONALS

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CONDITIONALS

Conditionals are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened and what we wish would happen. The sentences are made up IF Clause and a main clause.

#1 ZERO CONDITIONAL

It is used when the time being referred to is now or always and situation is real and possible. Mainly referred to general truths.

If it rains the grass gets wet.

#2 TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL

Refers to present or future and situation is real. So the IF THE CLAUSE IS IN PRESENT AND THE MAIN CLAUSE IS IN FUTURE TENSE.

If it rains today you will get wet.

#3 TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL

Refers to now or anytime and the situation is unreal. IF CLAUSE IS IN PAST AND THE MAIN CLAUSE IS PRESENT/ PRESENT CONTINUOUS CONDITIONAL.

If it rained you would get wet.

# TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL

Refers to time in the past and the situation is opposite or contrary to what should have happened. IF CLAUSE IS IN PAST PERFECT AND THE MAIN CLAUSE IS PERFECT CONDITIONAL.

If it had rained you would have gotten wet. (the person hasn’t actually got wet – so contrary situation)

#4 MIXED CONDITIONAL

There are two types of mixed Conditionals, and in both types, the 2nd and the 3rd Conditionals are mixed. You use the IF CLAUSE  of one and the  MAIN CLAUSE  of the other to form two new types of conditional sentences. 

1. Past condition/present result - This is where we take the “if” part of the Third Conditional and the “main” part of the Second Conditional. So, if-clause - Past Perfect Tense; Main clause - would and the main verb. 

This mixed Conditional expresses that there was a condition that could have been fulfilled in the past and that it bears a result in the present. 

·         If I hadn’t missed my bus, I would be in France now.

·         If I had slept longer, I wouldn’t be tired now.

·         If she had tried harder, she would be more successful now. 

2. Present condition/past result - The other mixed conditional is even more difficult than the last. We take the “main” part of the Third Conditional and the “if” part of the Second Conditional. We use Past Simple Tense in the if-clause and would + have + past participle in the main clause.

We use this mixed Conditional to express a present condition, i.e. something that hasn’t changed from the past, to describe why a certain past result didn’t occur. 

·         If I had more money, I would have gone to France. 

·         If I slept longer, I would not have been too tired to go to class.

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