Classes VI - X

  Modal verbs are used to express functions such as: 1.       Permission 2.       Ability 3.       Obligation 4.       Prohibition 5.       Lack of necessity 6.       Advice 7.       possibility 8.       probability Here is a list of modals with examples: Modal Verb Expressing Example must Strong obligation You must stop when the traffic lights turn red. logical conclusion/ Certainty He must be very tired. He’s been working all day long. must not Prohibition You must not smoke in the hospital. can Ability I can swim. Permission Can I use your phone please? Possibility Smoking ca...

  PHRASES AND CLAUSES PHRASES are group words that act like a part of speech, but they are not complete sentences as they don’t have a subject or a verb. E.g., My best friend (Noun Phrase, with the blue shirt (Prepositional phrase which behaves like an adjective), for twenty days (prepositional phrase acts like an adverb) CLAUSE are a group of words that can be a sentence but not always. However, the difference between the phrase and clause is that clauses have a subject and a verb. A clause cant be a phrase because its just one part of speech, while a clause has always has a noun or pronoun component and a verb component (part). A clause can be Independent i.e., can stand on its own as a complete sentence while it can be a dependent clause also i.e., it cannot stand on its own. E.g., Although she is hungry…(dependent clause) (dependent clause) Although she is hungry , she will give some her food to the poor . (Independent clause) E.g., The wizard who cast a spell. – Depe...

  REPORTED SPEECH Why Reported Speech is important? Reported speech is called Indirect speech i.e., a conversation between two individuals or to a group people is direct speech while reporting of the conversation which has already occurred to another person or group is indirect speech/ reported speech. Reported speech has two parts – Introductory clause+ Indirect clause He said that (Introductory clause) they were going for a picnic the next day. (Indirect clause) 1# CHANGES RELATED TO TENSE a)       Simple Present                                                             Simple Past b)       Present Continuous ...